Mesosphere
The Earth’s mantle is a layer with a thickness of 2,900 km or 1800 miles (46% of the Earth’s average radius of 6371 km or 3,960 miles) and extends from the outer core of the Earth at 3500 km radius from the center of the Earth, to the litosphere that is only less than 200 km (124 miles) thick, so it represents 87% of the total volume of the Earth.
The exact composition of the mantle is not known with certainty, but is determined or inferred by the material coming from volcanic eruptions coming from up to 300 km depth. It is concluded by now that the composition of the mantle is 46% silicon oxide, 38% magnesium oxide, 8% iron oxide and other compounds like “garnet”.
The Earth’s mantle contains a huge amount of water (estimated to be far more than the ocean) in a supercritical fluid state at high temperatures and pressures. The mantle is a type of refractory or thermal insulation, that might act as a semiconductor due to the abundance of the oxides of silicon, as a crystal layer capable of being magnetized and transmitting the magnetic field due largely to the presence of magnesium.
The contact area of the Mantle called “double prime area” or “Gutenberg discontinuity” is the layer that starts at a depth of 2900 km (1800 miles) which is 200 km (124 miles) thick and which surrounds the outer core of the Earth. The temperature in this zone reaches 5500°K and pressures vary around 2 million atmospheres.
Its chemical composition is different from iron, possibly hydrogen and helium at severe pressure contact with the outer core which fuses with this layer making it anomalous and viscose where a heat transfer process occurs through convection.
The exact composition of the mantle is not known with certainty, but is determined or inferred by the material coming from volcanic eruptions coming from up to 300 km depth. It is concluded by now that the composition of the mantle is 46% silicon oxide, 38% magnesium oxide, 8% iron oxide and other compounds like “garnet”.
The Earth’s mantle contains a huge amount of water (estimated to be far more than the ocean) in a supercritical fluid state at high temperatures and pressures. The mantle is a type of refractory or thermal insulation, that might act as a semiconductor due to the abundance of the oxides of silicon, as a crystal layer capable of being magnetized and transmitting the magnetic field due largely to the presence of magnesium.
The contact area of the Mantle called “double prime area” or “Gutenberg discontinuity” is the layer that starts at a depth of 2900 km (1800 miles) which is 200 km (124 miles) thick and which surrounds the outer core of the Earth. The temperature in this zone reaches 5500°K and pressures vary around 2 million atmospheres.
Its chemical composition is different from iron, possibly hydrogen and helium at severe pressure contact with the outer core which fuses with this layer making it anomalous and viscose where a heat transfer process occurs through convection.